All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	29	4	25	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	25
SolidStart	29
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	4
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	25
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.84MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.81MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	1 / 6	227	8	124.34MB	99.61MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	119	1	60.05MB	63.60MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	1
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
React Router	6
SolidStart	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SvelteKit	1
SolidStart	8
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
Nuxt	63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	60.05 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	124.34 MB
Astro	207.84 MB
Nuxt	208.81 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.51s	1.50s	1.53s	0.98s	0.85s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.53s	0.51s	0.56s	0.36s	0.36s	0.01MB
Next.js	2.96s	2.93s	3.00s	4.95s	4.91s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.95s	2.71s	3.64s	3.85s	3.85s	2.46MB
React Router	1.16s	1.14s	1.22s	1.80s	1.67s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.23s	1.22s	1.24s	2.77s	2.78s	0.51MB
SvelteKit	1.20s	1.15s	1.24s	2.57s	2.43s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.83s	1.75s	1.94s	5.33s	5.26s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.53s
React Router	1.16s
SvelteKit	1.20s
SolidStart	1.23s
Astro	1.51s
TanStack Start	1.83s
Nuxt	2.95s
Next.js	2.96s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.36s
Astro	0.98s
React Router	1.80s
SvelteKit	2.57s
SolidStart	2.77s
Nuxt	3.85s
Next.js	4.95s
TanStack Start	5.33s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.36s
Astro	0.85s
React Router	1.67s
SvelteKit	2.43s
SolidStart	2.78s
Nuxt	3.85s
Next.js	4.91s
TanStack Start	5.26s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.51 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	30
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	198.2ms	198.13ms
Next.js	398.2ms	398.08ms
Nuxt	242.8ms	242.74ms
React Router	232.2ms	232.09ms
SolidStart	205.6ms	205.74ms
SvelteKit	198.6ms	198.6ms
TanStack Start	226ms	226.04ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	198.20 ms
SvelteKit	198.60 ms
SolidStart	205.60 ms
TanStack Start	226.00 ms
React Router	232.20 ms
Nuxt	242.80 ms
Next.js	398.20 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	198.13 ms
SvelteKit	198.60 ms
SolidStart	205.74 ms
TanStack Start	226.04 ms
React Router	232.09 ms
Nuxt	242.74 ms
Next.js	398.08 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	127.6ms	127.55ms
Mastro	89.8ms	89.65ms
Next.js	199.4ms	199.39ms
Nuxt	154.4ms	154.38ms
React Router	152.8ms	152.63ms
SolidStart	212.2ms	211.99ms
SvelteKit	159ms	158.96ms
TanStack Start	169.8ms	169.85ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Mastro	89.80 ms
Astro	127.60 ms
React Router	152.80 ms
Nuxt	154.40 ms
SvelteKit	159.00 ms
TanStack Start	169.80 ms
Next.js	199.40 ms
SolidStart	212.20 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Mastro	89.65 ms
Astro	127.55 ms
React Router	152.63 ms
Nuxt	154.38 ms
SvelteKit	158.96 ms
TanStack Start	169.85 ms
Next.js	199.39 ms
SolidStart	211.99 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	833	1.204ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	676	1.434ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	349	2.843ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	225	4.627ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	363	2.659ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	351	2.817ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	425	2.27ms	224.17kb	2x
SvelteKit	458	2.119ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	330	3ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec data
Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	833
Astro	676
SvelteKit	458
SolidStart	425
Nuxt	363
React Router	351
Mastro	349
TanStack Start	330
Next.js	225

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size data
Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	224.17 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.20 ms
Astro	1.43 ms
SvelteKit	2.12 ms
SolidStart	2.27 ms
Nuxt	2.66 ms
React Router	2.82 ms
Mastro	2.84 ms
TanStack Start	3.00 ms
Next.js	4.63 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,590.4	200	21ms	43ms	106ms	47,320
Astro	1,160.8	25	34ms	78ms	281ms	34,895
Mastro	351.4	25	77ms	482ms	3444ms	11,189
Next.js	36.21	1	2178ms	4677ms	4691ms	999
Nuxt	68.6	5	1973ms	4155ms	4333ms	2,170
React Router	173.8	50	283ms	1497ms	3837ms	5,549
SolidStart	59.8	10	3376ms	4193ms	4209ms	1,915
SvelteKit	494.4	25	83ms	351ms	2452ms	15,715
TanStack Start	43.8	5	3920ms	4628ms	4414ms	1,329

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	21.00 ms
Astro	34.00 ms
Mastro	77.00 ms
SvelteKit	83.00 ms
React Router	283.00 ms
Nuxt	1973.00 ms
Next.js	2178.00 ms
SolidStart	3376.00 ms
TanStack Start	3920.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	43.00 ms
Astro	78.00 ms
SvelteKit	351.00 ms
Mastro	482.00 ms
React Router	1497.00 ms
Nuxt	4155.00 ms
SolidStart	4193.00 ms
TanStack Start	4628.00 ms
Next.js	4677.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	106.00 ms
Astro	281.00 ms
SvelteKit	2452.00 ms
Mastro	3444.00 ms
React Router	3837.00 ms
SolidStart	4209.00 ms
Nuxt	4333.00 ms
TanStack Start	4414.00 ms
Next.js	4691.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
SvelteKit	59.00 ms
Mastro	71.00 ms
React Router	151.00 ms
Nuxt	377.00 ms
SolidStart	609.00 ms
Next.js	763.00 ms
TanStack Start	772.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	33.00 ms
Astro	44.00 ms
SvelteKit	138.00 ms
Mastro	151.00 ms
React Router	289.00 ms
Nuxt	531.00 ms
SolidStart	640.00 ms
TanStack Start	764.00 ms
Next.js	2526.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	77.00 ms
Astro	89.00 ms
SvelteKit	218.00 ms
Mastro	296.00 ms
React Router	415.00 ms
Nuxt	748.00 ms
SolidStart	848.00 ms
TanStack Start	1612.00 ms
Next.js	2881.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.